Maths for Preschool

WORKBOOK FOR PRESCHOOL

                  

INTRODUCTION

                        Kids begin to use math at a very early age and what may surprise many is the number of different math concepts that preschoolers learn to.   The teaching and learning activities can be both fun and educational.  These activities focus on concepts like basic counting, learning different shapes, identifying patterns, differentiating between size and being able to compare and identify  which is bigger than and many more.  These basics form the foundation on which the little ones will grow up to learn more advanced and complex math topics.

The most important advantge of those preschoolers is tht they are able to highlight the practise uses of math in everyday life.  Simple activities such as getting them to count the number of plates on the dinner table, measuring out one glass of tea will help the tiny tots establish the relevance of the subject.  Get them started on their fun math activities and watch them to grow love the subject.

When it comes to teach the kids the concept of money, the first step is to identify the different coins, bills and their values.  One of the basic concept of currency is established money worksheet for them to focus on counting money coparing money account and simple calculations.  

Preschoolers do math even though they are not sitting at desks with workbooks or memorizing multiplication tables. Preschool math helps them make sense of the world around them and teaches them to reason and problem-solve. Teachers of preschool math build on children's prior knowledge and capitalize on their spontaneous discoveries to further their understanding of mathematical concepts.

In preschool math, children learn about numbers by counting objects and discussing the results. "You gave Chris six goldfish crackers. How many does Susie need?" Children count spaces on board games. They count the days until their birthdays. The teacher might say, "Yesterday there were 12 days until your birthday. How many days are there now?" Preschoolers read counting books and recite nursery rhymes with numbers.

Children practice constructing shapes and discussing their properties. They see skinny triangles and fat triangles and upside-down triangles and gradually realize that they are all still triangles.

Children compare the height of a block tower with the height of a desk or table. They measure each other and the distance from the kitchen corner to the water table. They learn that this block is too short to make a bridge over the road. Preschool math teachers reinforce children's findings by asking questions and making observations: "I wonder if this block is long enough to bridge the road. Let's try it."

Addition within  10

ACTIVITY 1:  Addition within 10

               Preschoolers can learn a lot about addition and subtraction from their daily lives. Young children generally enjoy counting and once they have mastered basic numbers from one to 20, they have the tools to do simple addition and subtraction. Activities such as cooking can lead to a discussion of how many eggs are left in the tray after you use two to bake a cake. Games, nursery rhymes and simple worksheets all gently reinforce the learning.

Use real, tangible items to demonstrate addition and subtraction. Examples of everyday things include checkers, Lego blocks, clothes and toys. Turn it into a game. For instance, start with 10 building blocks. Get the child to close his eyes and take three away. The child has to work out how many you have taken and how many are left. Reverse and do the same for addition.

Introduce the concept of addition and subtraction during everyday events such as shopping and eating. For instance, you could include the child when dividing up cherries. The child can count 20 cherries at the beginning and then subtract five for mom's bowl to leave 15 and so on.

Expose the preschooler to games and rhymes relevant to addition and subtraction. For example, the rhyme "There were 10 in the bed and the little one said, 'Roll over, roll over.' So they all rolled over and one fell out. There were nine in the bed and the little one said..." and so on. Another similar rhyme is "10 green bottles," which is popular in the UK. It begins, "10 green bottles standing on the wall, 10 green bottles standing on the wall. If one green bottle should accidentally fall, there'll be nine green bottles standing on the wall..." and so on.

Addition is a concept taught in the first grade. Starting your child out early on this basic math model will give them a head start with more difficult concepts in math that will be taught later on in their educational experience. You can be the link between the fear of learning math or the success of your children’s performance in school. Yet, keep in mind math is a vast structure and has a number of offsets, therefore some children who master one area of math, may have difficulty with another.

To understand math more comprehensively children have to start with the basic math concepts in the classroom. Each step for math sets children up for the next lesson, they cannot learn subtraction without addition, they can’t learn division without multiplication, etc. Although recognizing numbers comes first, children who can’t recognize numbers as of yet can still learn basic addition with small strategies learned at home. For those who know numbers and can count, addition can still be a concept taught with the basic understanding of the skill at home as well. Here are a few tips to get you started teaching your children addition basics.

Parents of preschoolers know how young children’s attention span is when “sitting down” to teach their children something about the world. It’s not easy, therefore parents have to be creative with “how” we teach our children, and that creativity is all around us.
Everyday teaching moments present themselves consistently. At the park, count the ducks swimming; count the children swinging, how many ducks and children are at the park. We have two cups on the table and we need two more cups, how many cups will we have on the table all together. Take every teaching moment that will help your child add in everyday situations, they’ll never even know they’re learning and you’ll have the secret weapon of parenting. Yet, be sure to use easy concepts and small numbers to start your child with adding numbers.

OBJECTIVE:  By the end of the lesson, pupils would be able to;

Solve the problem of addition within 10.

              

AIDS/RESOURCE OF TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

~          sweets

~          dried beans

~          buttons

~          erasers

~          marbles

~          number 1 – 10 cards

~          picture cards- pictures of things that can be counted.

STEPS IN LEARNING AND TEACHING ACTIVITY

~          Ask the children to sit in a group.

~          Then ask them to look and touch all the things that they can see on the desk in front of them.

~          after that, teacher  will ask them to count every things from 1 to 10.

~          Then they will take turn to count each of it.

~          ask them to count by instructions of the things to add in

~          Teacher explains to them how and what  is addition.

~          Show them again the way the children will add in.

~          Now the teacher will ask them to add in using the picture cards and numbers card.

_          Ask them to do some exercise in a worksheet.

SAMPLE OF WORKSHEET

ACTIVITY 2: Money

            Kids are exposed to money at a very early age since it is used in a number of simple everyday activities.  From each trip to the store for the favourite ice creams, chocolates to accompanying Mom to the supermarket, to convincing Dad to buy that cool toy, kids realize the important role that money plays.

Teach the little ones all about money and money calculations with our fun, money activities for kids.  Whether you are teaching preschoolers, kindergarten even older children, it is important to ensure that the math money activities we engage kids with are interactive and funs.  This will help to hold the attention of the little sues and teach them important concepts in the process.  From simple counting money activities to more complex money calculations, there is a wide array of activities for kids.  Check them out and select that are appropriate for the age group you are teaching in.

OBJECTIVES: ~To know the coins and Ringgit with the value. ~ To find the real value of each coins or Ringgit. TEACHING AIDS/RESOURCES ~  Ringgits ~  Coins ~  some pictures about coins ~  Some sample of Ringgit Malaysia ~  Worksheet STEP IN TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES ~    Ask them to tell their friends why they like to come to school. ~    Ask them what they bring everyday to school. ~    Show them some sample of the money ~    Ask them to show their own pocket money ~    Make the list on the written board their money. ~    So ask them to show which one is the large amount and the small one ~   Ask them to answer their worksheet. SAMPLE OF WORKSHEET OBJECTIVES: To find the real value of each coins or Ringgit. TEACHING AIDS/RESOURCES: ~     Put some kind of foods with the price. ~     Ask to do some role play activites  between a shopkeeper with the customers. ~     The teacher explains   what they have done. ~     The teacher gives  some conclusion about the money.  ~    Ask the children to answer their worksheet here. SAMPLE OF WORKSHEET

ACTIVITY      3D SHAPES

Teachers often face challenges when it comes to how to teach children about three dimensional shapes. This article provides tips and suggestions for fun and creative ways to help students differentiate between flat and three-dimensional objects.

Flat versus 3D

The biggest hurdle in figuring out how to teach children about three dimensional shapes is getting them to think beyond the flat surface of a two-dimensional figure. From before children are even in school they are taught the shapes of circles, squares, triangles and rectangles, but much less time is spent on spheres, cones, pyramids and cubes. In fact, some of the tools used to teach the basic 2D shapes are in fact three dimensional objects. Toddler toy shape sorters, for instance, use three dimensional shapes such as cylinders in an effort to teach basic two dimensional shapes like circles. This confusion continues through early elementary education for many students as the terms and definitions of 3D shapes are nearly foreign to them.

3D Shape Grab Bag

A fun way to introduce the various three dimensional shapes to a class is through the use of mystery bags. In preparation for this lesson, teachers should find examples of different three dimensional shapes and place them inside paper bags. Ideally, one bag per student helps to reinforce this lesson with the entire class, but a sample selection can work well, too. Here are some ordinary household items that can be used to demonstrate three dimensional shapes.

·        a wooden letter block for a cube

·        an individual cereal box for a rectangle

·        a rubber ball for a sphere

·        a soup can for a cylinder

As each child opens their bag they should identify the item by its three dimensional shape, ie. a soup can would be identified as a cylinder.

3D Food

Most kids love activities which include food, especially if they get to eat it. For this activity, teachers will need to be very open-minded and creative in how to teach children about three dimensional shapes as they will need to shop for foods that match this lesson. Here are some possible suggestions for 3D Food:

·        Pretzel Combos, marshmallows, or cheese sticks for cylinders

·        Donut holes or ball-shaped yogurt snacks for spheres

·        Cheese cubes for cubes

·        Toblerone candy bars as a possible three dimensional triangular shape

Getting Active with 3D Shapes

Another approach to teaching students three-dimensional shapes is to use large items that demonstrate shapes such as spheres and cubes. Large paper building bricks are available at many teacher supply stores and serve as a great demonstration for cubes. Students can stack and build these to construct various spaces throughout the classroom. Giving students time to work with the bricks will allow them to feel and consider the nature of three dimensional shapes. Requiring that they call the bricks "cubes" rather than bricks will help reinforce the new terminology of the three dimensional lesson. As for spheres, balls of different sizes can be used in a variety of outdoor games. Students can be given time to play with a large beach ball or small bouncy balls while requiring that they call the balls "spheres" to help reinforce the idea that these familiar objects are also three-dimensional shapes.

The Common Point to these Tips

The one common theme among these different suggestions is object lessons. Students should be given an opportunity to literally get their hands around familiar three dimensional forms to best see and understand the difference between 2D and 3D shapes.

                                   

Procedure

1. Identify the students' math strengths and weaknesses.

2. Discover your student's learning styles, using tests designed for that purpose. You may obtain these tests from your school or find them online. Three basic types of learning styles can be described as auditory, visual and kinesthetic.

Once you know your students' learning styles you can tailor your teaching methods accordingly. For example, a visual learner may want to take lots of notes and review printed material, while an auditory learner may wish to hear the learning material repeated aloud and verbalize what she has learned. Kinesthetic learners often prefer hands-on learning of math concepts, using pattern blocks and other manipulative objects.

3. Strengthen basic math skills through appropriate learning-style strategies.

4. With the same strategies, teach to the students' weaknesses in math as if they have never studied the subject before. First, take a concrete approach using 3-dimensional, age-appropriate manipulatives. Second, employ 2-dimensional, age-appropriate visual aids, such as pictures, charts, etc. Finally, introduce math symbols and numbers.

5. Have the students keep a notebook listing math facts, vocabulary and procedures in their own words.

Every parent dreams of their child being a doctor, an inventor, or a ballet dancer. It is unfortunate that our children’s dreams barely ever are the same as their parents. One of the hardest parts of being a good parent is allowing our children to be true to their selves. Parents tend to encourage children to do the things they want them to do.  But, in order for a child to grow confident, parents must encourage their child’s talents and interests.

It has been proven that children with confidence are more successful in life. They do better in school, hang with a better group of peers,  and do not drink or smoke, (as compared to children with a low self esteem).   Children with confidence go to college and earn more money as adults.  Therefore, it is very important that parents raise confident kids by encouraging talents and interest.

One way to do this is by providing small children with many group activities.  Start them early by enrolling them in day care or preschool, where they will be encouraged to paint and make music. Enable young children to pursue their interests by enrolling them in ballet, sports teams, and science

Starting preschool  can be tremendously anxiety-inducing for children. A new and unfamiliar building, kids they haven’t met yet, lessons that are more complicated than their preschool play-based learning. Some children leap into the unknown with aplomb, but more often there are nerves and worries to go along with the excitement of starting big-kids’ school. If your child leans toward the worrying end of the spectrum, be sure to read a lot of preschool  books in advance of the big day. Preschool  books give comforting and funny examples of what goes on in the classroom, and shows how beloved characters handle the transition. Reading books with your child can lessen the mystery of starting school, easing concerns and increasing the “can’t-wait” feeling